Before you invest thousands in a heat pump, it’s worth making sure your home — and your expectations — are ready. Many homeowners jump into installation without proper preparation, which can lead to disappointing performance or unexpected costs. The good news? With this complete checklist, you can avoid these common pitfalls and set yourself up for success from day one. You’ll get the efficiency, comfort, and savings you’re hoping for — it just takes a bit of planning.
1. Check Your Home’s Insulation First
Before you even think about installing a heat pump, it’s worth taking a look at your home’s insulation. This isn’t just a nice-to-have — it’s one of the most important factors for heat pump performance. Heat pumps work at lower temperatures than conventional heating systems, so keeping the warmth inside your home makes a real difference to both comfort and running costs.
Think of it this way: a heat pump can’t perform well in a draughty home. Properties with a low EPC rating will not be able to lock in the warmth that heat pumps create, making them pretty useless. Since heat pumps typically produce heat at around 35-40°C compared to a gas boiler’s average 60°C, poor insulation will force your system to work harder, run longer, and cost more to operate.
Start with an energy audit. A professional assessment will identify where your home is losing heat and which improvements will deliver the best return on investment. The most common areas requiring attention include:
- Loft insulation: To get the required u-value of 0.16W/m²k for heat pump installation, you need to lay 270mm of wool insulation in the loft. This is something many homeowners can tackle themselves over a weekend at a cost of about £6 per m², or you can hire professionals for around £11-£15 per m².
- Cavity wall insulation: If your home was built after 1935, it likely has cavity walls that are relatively simple to insulate. Cavity wall insulation involves the walls being drilled into and the insulation is injected within, costing approximately £10 per m² of wall.
- Windows and doors: Double glazing and proper draught-proofing prevent heat from escaping through gaps and single-pane glass.
- Floor insulation: Particularly important for ground floors, where significant heat loss can occur through uninsulated flooring.
Remember: Insulation first, technology second.
Improving your home’s insulation not only prepares it for a heat pump but also improves overall efficiency — meaning lower running costs whatever heating system you use. It’s an investment that pays dividends regardless.
2. Make Sure Your Heating System Is Compatible
Not all radiators and heating distribution systems work efficiently with heat pumps, but the good news is that many existing systems can be adapted with just a few adjustments. Understanding what works best will help you plan accordingly.
Heat pumps operate at much lower temperatures than conventional boilers, with a flow temperature of around 35-50°C compared to 70-80°C for traditional systems. This fundamental difference means your existing radiators may need to be upgraded or replaced to work effectively.
What you need to check:
- Radiator size and type: With lower flow temperatures, you need a larger surface area to allow the heat to transfer effectively around a room. This might mean changing single-panel radiators to double or triple-panel designs, or adding an extra radiator to some rooms. Traditional cast iron radiators may not perform well because they are designed for high-temperature systems and take longer to heat up and cool down.
- Underfloor heating: This is arguably the best solution for heat pumps due to its large surface area and compatibility with lower flow temperatures. If you’re planning a renovation, consider incorporating underfloor heating, particularly on ground floors.
- Pipework considerations: With heat pumps, increased flow means larger pipes may be needed, as small pipes could have pressure and balancing issues alongside potential noise problems. Many volume-built homes use the smallest possible radiators and cheapest pipework, which can make conversion to an efficient heat pump system challenging.
The good news? An experienced MCS-certified installer will conduct a thorough heat loss calculation for each room and recommend specific adjustments. In many cases, you might only need to upgrade radiators in a few rooms rather than throughout the entire house — and sometimes your existing system works perfectly as is. The installer will guide you through exactly what’s needed for your specific property.
3. Choose the Right Type of Heat Pump
Not all heat pumps are created equal, and choosing the wrong type for your property can mean missing out on efficiency, performance, or cost savings. Understanding the differences between system types will help you make an informed decision.
Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHP)
The most popular choice in the UK, accounting for 96% of Boiler Upgrade Scheme applications. These units extract heat from outdoor air and are relatively straightforward to install.
Pros:
- Lower installation costs (£9,000-£14,000 before grants)
- Easier and faster installation (typically 1-3 days)
- Suitable for most UK properties
- No groundwork required
Cons:
- Slightly lower efficiency than ground source (COP of 3-3.5)
- Performance decreases slightly in very cold weather
- External unit visible on property exterior
Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP)
These systems extract heat from the ground using buried pipes and offer the highest efficiency levels.
Pros:
- Superior efficiency (COP up to 4 or higher)
- More consistent performance year-round
- Longer lifespan (ground loop can last 50+ years)
- Lower running costs
Cons:
- Much higher installation costs (around £24,000 before grants)
- Requires significant garden space for ground loops
- Longer, more disruptive installation process
- Not suitable for all properties
Hybrid Systems
Combine a heat pump with a gas boiler, switching between them based on efficiency and outdoor temperature.
Pros:
- Reduced running costs compared to gas-only heating
- Maintains familiar backup heating system
- Less radical change for homeowners
Cons:
- Not eligible for the Boiler Upgrade Scheme
- Still reliant on fossil fuels
- More complex system with two technologies to maintain
Which Type Is Best for Your Property?
For most UK homeowners, an air source heat pump offers the best balance of cost, performance, and practicality.
Ground source systems make sense if you have the space, budget, and are planning a long-term investment in a property you intend to keep for many years.
Hybrid systems might appeal to those hesitant about fully committing to heat pump technology, though they miss out on grant funding and full decarbonisation benefits.
4. Verify If You’re Eligible for Government Grants (UK)
The Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS) can transform the affordability of heat pump installation, but you need to understand the eligibility requirements and application process before proceeding.
Current Grant Amounts
You can get a grant of up to £7,500 under the Boiler Upgrade Scheme for both air source and ground source heat pumps, or £5,000 for biomass boilers. This substantial support is deducted directly from your installation quote — you don’t pay upfront and claim back later.
Key Eligibility Requirements
To qualify for the BUS grant, you must meet several conditions:
- Property ownership: You must own the property (including second homes and rental properties). Private landlords are eligible, but social housing and new-build properties generally aren’t. Self-build homes are also eligible, provided the property is intended for personal occupancy.
- Replacing fossil fuel heating: You must replace an existing fossil fuel heating system (gas, oil, LPG) or non-heat-pump electric heating. You cannot receive funding for replacing an existing low-carbon heating system.
- Valid EPC: You need a valid Energy Performance Certificate issued within the last 10 years. Good news: From 8th May 2024, the scheme no longer requires loft or cavity wall insulation before applying, though proper insulation is still strongly recommended for optimal performance.
- MCS-certified installer: Your installer must be certified by the Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) and be a member of an approved consumer code such as the Renewable Energy Consumer Code (RECC) or HIES Consumer Code.
- Location: The scheme covers England and Wales. Scotland has separate schemes such as Home Energy Scotland grants and loans, whilst Northern Ireland has different funding arrangements.
Important Application Details
The application process is installer-led, meaning your chosen installer handles the paperwork on your behalf. Since May 2024, there’s a 120-day deadline for submitting applications after the heat pump is commissioned, so it’s crucial to work with an organised, experienced installer.
Remember: These grants and eligibility criteria can change. Always verify current requirements on gov.uk or consult with your MCS-certified installer before making final decisions. The scheme is currently funded through 2028, but it operates on a first-come, first-served basis, so don’t delay if you’re interested.
5. Calculate the Realistic Total Cost
Understanding the full financial picture — not just the headline installation price — is essential for making an informed decision about heat pump installation.
Average Installation Costs
- Air source heat pumps: £9,000-£14,000 before grants, or approximately £4,500 after applying the £7,500 BUS grant. The variation depends on property size, system complexity, and any necessary upgrades to your heating distribution system.
- Ground source heat pumps: Around £24,000 before grants, reducing to approximately £16,500 after the grant. The higher cost reflects the ground loop installation, which requires excavation and specialist equipment.
Hidden Costs to Consider
Beyond the main installation, there are a few additional expenses worth budgeting for. Don’t worry — not every home needs all of these, and your installer will help you understand what’s actually necessary for your property:
- Electrical system upgrades: Some properties require electrical work to accommodate the heat pump’s power requirements. This might include consumer unit upgrades or additional circuits, typically costing £500-£1,500.
- Radiator replacement or upgrades: As discussed earlier, you may need larger or more efficient radiators. Budget £100-£300 per radiator, though in many cases your existing radiators may already be adequately sized.
- Hot water cylinder: If you don’t already have one (many gas combi boiler systems don’t), you’ll need to install a hot water cylinder, costing £800-£2,000 including installation.
- Pipework modifications: Upgrading pipes to handle the different flow requirements of heat pumps can add £500-£2,000 to your project, depending on the extent of work required.
- Planning permission: While most heat pump installations fall under permitted development, some properties (particularly listed buildings or those in conservation areas) may require planning permission, adding time and potential costs.
Smart Shopping Strategy
- Get multiple quotes: Aim for at least three detailed quotes from different MCS-certified installers. This helps you understand the market rate and identify whether you’re being offered fair value.
- Compare like-for-like: Ensure quotes include the same scope of work. Some installers might quote for just the heat pump whilst others include all necessary ancillary works. Ask for itemised breakdowns.
- Check what’s included: Does the quote cover radiator upgrades? Electrical work? System commissioning? Removal of your old boiler? First-year servicing? Understanding exactly what you’re paying for prevents unwelcome surprises.
- Consider finance options: Some installers offer payment plans or finance arrangements that can spread the cost over several years, making the after-grant investment more manageable.
6. Choose a Certified Installer
The quality of your installation matters just as much as the quality of the equipment, but finding a good installer is more straightforward than you might think. With the right credentials and a bit of research, you can feel confident you’re in safe hands.
Why MCS Certification Matters
The Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) is a nationally recognised standards organisation that assures you of the competence of your installer and the quality of your product. MCS certification is mandatory for accessing the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, but it’s valuable even beyond grant eligibility — it demonstrates that the installer has been assessed, trained, and meets industry standards.
What to Look for in an Installer
- Verified credentials: Confirm MCS certification directly through the MCS website. Don’t just take the installer’s word for it — verify their listing is current and in good standing.
- Customer reviews and references: Check independent review platforms like Trustpilot, Google Reviews, and Checkatrade. Ask the installer for references from recent heat pump installations and follow up with those customers about their experience.
- Insurance and guarantees: Ensure your installer carries adequate public liability insurance and professional indemnity insurance. Ask about workmanship guarantees — reputable installers typically offer at least 1-2 years on installation work, whilst manufacturer warranties cover the equipment itself (usually 5-7 years for heat pumps).
- Experience and specialisation: Heat pump installation requires specific expertise beyond general plumbing or heating knowledge. Ask how many heat pump installations the company has completed and whether they specialise in the type of system you’re considering.
- Transparent communication: A good installer will take time to understand your needs, conduct a thorough site survey, explain clearly what work is needed and why, provide detailed written quotes, and answer your questions patiently. You should feel comfortable and informed throughout the process.
- Consumer code membership: Installers should be members of approved consumer codes such as RECC or HIES Consumer Code, which provide additional consumer protection and dispute resolution mechanisms if problems arise.
Curious about winter performance and getting the best efficiency year-round? Check out our guide on heat pump settings and what you need to know to keep your system functioning at its full potential, whatever the weather.
7. Plan for Maintenance and Long-Term Savings
Heat pumps are remarkably reliable and low-maintenance compared to traditional heating systems, but understanding the ongoing requirements ensures your system delivers optimal performance throughout its lifespan.
Annual Maintenance Requirements
Like any heating system, heat pumps benefit from regular professional servicing. Annual maintenance typically costs £150-£300 and includes:
- Checking refrigerant levels and system pressures
- Inspecting electrical connections
- Cleaning filters and checking airflow
- Testing safety controls and sensors
- Verifying system efficiency and performance
- Checking condensate drainage
Check what’s included in your installation: Some installers include the first annual service in their installation package, whilst others offer service contracts that can be more economical than arranging one-off visits each year.
Lifespan and Durability
A well-maintained heat pump typically lasts 15-20 years, comparable to or exceeding traditional gas boilers. Ground source heat pumps can last even longer, with the ground loop itself potentially functioning for 50+ years. This longevity means your initial investment continues delivering value for decades.
Long-Term Running Cost Considerations
Whilst we’ve addressed running costs in our previous guide, it’s worth emphasising that heat pump economics improve over time as:
- The UK’s electricity grid incorporates more renewable energy, reducing per-unit costs
- Government policy shifts environmental levies from electricity to gas, narrowing the cost gap
- Gas and oil prices remain volatile whilst electricity becomes more stable
- Your property’s energy efficiency improvements (insulation, windows, etc.) complement the heat pump’s operation
Smart Monitoring
Modern heat pumps often include monitoring systems that track performance, identify potential issues early, and help you optimise your settings. Some systems can alert you or your installer to problems before they become serious, minimising downtime and repair costs.
8. Prepare Your Property for Installation Day
Proper preparation ensures your installation proceeds smoothly and minimises disruption to your household.
Planning Permission and Local Regulations
Most heat pump installations in the UK fall under permitted development rights, meaning you don’t need planning permission. However, there are exceptions:
- Listed buildings or properties in conservation areas almost always require permission
- Properties in World Heritage Sites need approval
- If the installation doesn’t meet permitted development criteria (such as being too close to boundaries or exceeding size limits)
Check with your local planning authority if you’re unsure. Your installer should be familiar with local requirements and can often advise on whether permission is needed.
Location of the External Unit
The placement of your air source heat pump’s outdoor unit requires careful consideration:
- Practical requirements: The unit needs adequate airflow, a stable mounting surface (typically a concrete pad or wall brackets), and accessibility for maintenance. It should be positioned to minimise noise impact on you and your neighbours.
- Aesthetic considerations: Whilst modern heat pumps are relatively compact and quiet, they are visible. Think about sightlines from windows, impact on garden design, and whether screening or covers might be appropriate.
- Noise regulations: Heat pumps produce some operational noise, though modern units are significantly quieter than older models. Position the unit away from bedroom windows and neighbouring property boundaries where possible.
Installation Timeline
Typical installation takes 1-3 days, depending on system complexity and any additional work required. The process usually involves:
- Day 1: Removing old boiler, installing outdoor unit, positioning indoor components
- Day 2: Connecting pipework, electrical work, installing hot water cylinder (if needed)
- Day 3: System commissioning, testing, and handover with user training
During installation:
- Ensure someone is available to provide access and answer questions
- Keep pets secured away from work areas
- Expect some noise and disruption, particularly if structural work is needed
- Clear the installation areas of furniture and valuables
After installation: Your installer should provide thorough training on how to operate your system, explain the controls, demonstrate how to adjust settings, and provide all necessary documentation including warranties, certifications, and operating manuals.
9. Confirm the Energy Tariff and Smart Controls
Choosing the right electricity tariff can make a significant difference to your heat pump running costs. With the right setup, you can reduce your energy bills substantially compared to standard tariffs.
Understanding Heat Pump-Friendly Tariffs
Heat pump tariffs are time-of-use (TOU) tariffs that offer cheaper electricity during off-peak periods when demand on the grid is lower. By scheduling your heat pump to run during these cheaper periods, you can dramatically reduce your running costs.
Why standard tariffs don’t work well: At typical rates of around 25-26p per kWh, heat pumps cost more to run than gas boilers despite being 3-4 times more efficient. However, with time-of-use tariffs offering off-peak rates as low as 7-15p per kWh, heat pumps become significantly more economical.
Available Heat Pump Tariffs in the UK (2025)
Here’s a comparison of the main heat pump tariffs currently available:
| Energy Supplier | Standard/Peak Rate (p/kWh) | Key Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| Octopus Energy | Day: 25.09 Peak: 36.26 |
Three daily cheap periods. Great for flexible heating schedules |
| ScottishPower | Standard: 25.65 | Daytime off-peak window |
| EDF Energy | Follows price cap | Never exceeds price cap. Predictable pricing |
| Good Energy | Peak: 29.50 | 100% renewable electricity. Eco-friendly choice |
| E.ON Next | Peak: Higher (avoid 16:00-19:00) |
Two daily off-peak periods. Good overnight rates |
Please note: Rates shown are indicative and vary by region across the UK. Specific tariffs change regularly, so please verify current pricing and availability with your chosen supplier before making any decisions.
Smart Controls and Thermostats
Modern smart thermostats can automatically adjust your heating schedule to take advantage of cheaper tariff periods whilst maintaining comfort:
Popular options include:
- Nest Learning Thermostat: Learns your preferences and creates automatic schedules
- Tado: Offers geofencing to adjust heating when you’re away and weather adaptation
- Honeywell Home T6: Simple, reliable scheduling with smartphone control
- Hive Active Heating: UK-designed system with intuitive app control
Key features to look for:
- Compatibility with heat pump systems (not all thermostats work well with heat pumps)
- Scheduling capabilities to align with off-peak tariff periods
- Remote control via smartphone app
- Weather compensation to adjust output based on outdoor temperature
- Integration with voice assistants (Alexa, Google Home) if desired
Pro tip: Many heat pump installers can recommend and install compatible smart controls as part of your installation package, ensuring everything works together seamlessly.
10. Review the Paperwork Before Signing
Taking time to carefully review all documentation before committing ensures you understand exactly what you’re getting and protects you from any misunderstandings down the line. It’s completely normal to ask questions and take your time with this step.
What Documentation to Expect
- Detailed quote: Should itemise all costs including equipment, labour, any additional components (radiators, cylinder, electrical work), and clearly show the Boiler Upgrade Scheme grant deduction. Be wary of vague quotes that lump everything into a single figure.
- MCS certificate: Your installer must provide MCS certification, which is required to access the BUS grant. Verify the installer’s MCS number directly on the MCS website before signing any contracts.
- Warranty information: Check what warranties are included:
- Equipment warranty (typically 5-7 years for heat pumps)
- Installation workmanship warranty (look for at least 1-2 years)
- Extended warranty options and their costs
- What’s covered and what’s excluded
- Insurance documentation: Confirm your installer carries adequate public liability insurance (minimum £2 million) and professional indemnity insurance. Request proof of current, valid insurance coverage.
- Energy Performance Certificate: If your existing EPC is outdated or doesn’t meet requirements, your installer should arrange for an updated assessment.
- BUS grant application: Your installer will handle the application, but you should receive copies of all submitted documents and confirmation of grant approval before installation begins.
Key Contract Terms to Clarify
- Payment schedule: Understand when payments are due. Most reputable installers require a deposit (typically 10-30%), with the balance due upon completion. Be cautious of installers demanding large upfront payments.
- Timeline and completion date: Get a clear installation schedule in writing, including start date, expected completion, and what happens if delays occur.
- Site preparation: Clarify who’s responsible for what. Does the price include removing your old boiler? Moving furniture? Any groundwork or structural modifications?
- After-sales support: What happens if something goes wrong? Who do you contact? What’s the response time for issues? Is there an emergency helpline?
- Cancellation terms: Understand your cooling-off period (typically 14 days for distance sales) and any cancellation fees that might apply.
Red Flags to Watch For
While most installers are reputable professionals, it’s worth being aware of warning signs. Trust your instincts — if something doesn’t feel right, it’s perfectly fine to seek additional quotes:
- Pressure to sign immediately or “today only” deals
- Unwillingness to provide written quotes or contracts
- No mention of MCS certification or BUS grant
- Vague descriptions of work to be completed
- Quotes significantly lower than others without clear explanation
- Poor communication or evasiveness when answering questions
Remember: A reputable installer welcomes questions, provides transparent information, and gives you time to review documentation without pressure. Take your time — this is an important decision and you deserve to feel completely comfortable with your choice.
Conclusion: Ready to Install Your Heat Pump?
Installing a heat pump is a significant investment, but with proper preparation, it delivers decades of reliable, low-carbon heating whilst reducing your environmental impact and protecting you against future energy challenges. This checklist helps ensure you avoid the common pitfalls and set yourself up for success from the start.
To recap the essentials:
- Insulation first – Heat pumps perform best in well-insulated homes, and improvements benefit you regardless
- Check compatibility – Most existing systems can be adapted, often with just minor adjustments
- Choose the right type – Air source suits most UK homes; ground source for those with space and long-term plans
- Secure your grant – £7,500 BUS funding makes installation much more affordable
- Budget realistically – Your installer will help you understand any additional costs for your specific property
- Select certified installers – MCS certification protects you and is required for grants
- Plan maintenance – Annual servicing is straightforward and keeps your system running efficiently for 15-20 years
- Prepare your property – Most installations are straightforward, typically completed in 1-3 days
- Optimise with tariffs – Smart controls and the right energy tariff can significantly reduce running costs
- Review everything – Take your time with paperwork — reputable installers expect and welcome this
The heat pump market is growing rapidly, with over 98,000 installations in 2024 — a 26% increase year-on-year. As more homeowners make the switch, the technology continues improving whilst installers gain experience and expertise. With government support, advancing technology, and the growing need for sustainable heating solutions, there’s never been a better time to make the transition.
Need help choosing the right heat pump for your home? Contact us today to get a free quote, professional assessment, and expert advice tailored to your property’s specific requirements. Take the first step towards efficient, sustainable heating that benefits both your wallet and the planet for generations to come.
Sources
- The Eco Experts. (2025). “Heat Pump Insulation Requirements.” https://www.theecoexperts.co.uk/heat-pumps/insulation-requirements
- Heat Pumps UK. (2025). “Heat pump insulation requirements, EPC rating & loft insulation.” https://heat-pumps.org.uk/heat-pump-insulation/
- GOV.UK. (2025). “Boiler Upgrade Scheme.” https://www.gov.uk/apply-boiler-upgrade-scheme
- Energy Stats UK. (2025). “Best Heat Pump Tariff in the UK (2025).” https://energy-stats.uk/best-heat-pump-tariff/
- All Seasons Energy. (2025). “Heat Pump Tariffs.” https://allseasonsenergy.co.uk/guides/what-heat-pump-tariffs-are-available/
- Octopus Referral. (2025). “New Octopus Cosy rate for October 2025 – Heat Pump tariff.” https://www.octopusreferral.link/cosy-octopus-tariff/
- EDF Energy. (2025). “Air Source Heat Pump Tariffs – Compare and Save on Energy Bills.” https://www.edfenergy.com/heating/electric/air-source-heat-pump/tariffs
- Good Energy. (2024). “Renewable heat pump tariff.” https://www.goodenergy.co.uk/renewable-heat-pump-tariff/
- E.ON Next. (2025). “Next Pumped: An energy tariff for air source heat pumps.” https://www.eonnext.com/tariffs/next-pumped